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BS 5534:2003 Code of Practice for slating and tiling (including shingles)

BS 6399-2: 1997 Loadings for Buildings Part 2. Code of practice for wind loads

Basic Wind Speed
The standard gives basic wind speeds for locations in the UK, the speeds are hourly mean wind speeds likely to be exceeded on average only once in 50 years
As an aid we have chosen a selection of towns throughout the UK, and determined the the basic wind speed.
If there is a town or towns that you would like to be included please let us know
Altitude Factor
The altitude factor Sa is used to adjust the basic wind speed for the altitude of the site above sea level. In preparation of the tables it has been assumed that there is no significant topography.
As a generalisation any building more than half-way up a hill, or an on a ridge or cliff will have increase wind loading. If your project falls into this category, then please contact us for a more detailed analysis.
In the preparation of the table 4 categories of height above sea level have been used
  • 0-50m
  • 51-100m
  • 101-150m
  • 151-200m
Direction Factor
The direction factor Sd has been taken as 1, which is suitable for buildings where the orientation is unknown or ignored. Where a more detailed analysis is required, please contact us.
Seasonal Factor
The seasonal factor Ss has been taken as 1, which is suitable for permanent buildings
Probability Factor
The probability factor Sp is taken as 1, which is equivalent to a return period of 50 years
Site Exposure
Two categories of ground roughness have been considered
  • Country
  • Town
The town category is defined as built-up areas with an average level of roof above ground level of at least 5m.
For a building to be considered as town, then the building must be at least 2km inside the town terrain.
The distance from the sea is required, for simplicity 4 categories have been use in the preparation of the tables
  • 2km
  • 10km
  • 50km
  • >100km
For buildings within 2km of the sea or estuary, a more detailed analysis will be required.
Building Height
The building height should be taken as the maximum height of the building above ground level.
The effective height (as defined in the standard) is taken as the actual building height.
Pressure Coefficients
The following coefficients have been used in the preparation of the tables
External
Pressure difference coefficient (Cpt)
Uplift pressure reduction factor (R)
Note
For simplicity only the local area coefficients have been considered.
Monopitch Roofs
Pitch R Cpt
35 0.13 -0.21
40 0.13 -0.21
45 0.14 -0.21
50 0.15 -0.21
55 0.16 -0.21
60 0.18 -0.21
Duopitch Roofs
Pitch R Cpt
35 0.12 -0.13
40 0.12 -0.13
45 0.12 -0.13
50 0.12 -0.13
55 0.11 -0.13
60 0.11 -0.13
Internal (Cpi)
+0.2 
Plain Tile Properties
Cover width B 165 mm
Gauge Ga 100 mm
Air permeability D 2.7  
Substrate shielding factor S 1  
Self weight of tile   1 kg
Tile pitch   10 degrees
Nib to centre of exposed surface Lf 200 mm
Nib to centre of gravity Lw 118 mm
Nib to nail hole Ln 15 mm
Hanging length Lh 250 mm
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